Non-stoichiometry, structure and properties of proton-conducting perovskite oxides

The demand for clean and sustainable energy has garnered great interest in new materials. Among them, high temperature proton-conducting perovskite oxides are, or can be widely used applications (including fuel cells, electrochemical reactors, solid-state separators supports of catalytic components via various reduction oxidation reactions) the intermediate range. control defect chemistry is main strategy to fine tune properties these applications. This review provides a critical discussion about non-stoichiometry-structure-property relation terms structure distortions by intrinsic octahedral titling extrinsic acceptor doping, chemical stability, hydration behavior, transport properties, effects some typical classes proton conducting perovskites perovskite-related derivatives. A good understanding A-site B-site non-stoichiometry also given allow with desired properties.